What is Share, Share Market & Types of Share?

What is Share?

 “Share” is a unit of ownership in a company or corporation. When a company is divided into smaller units, each unit is called a share, and owning one or more shares of a company entitles the shareholder to a portion of the company’s ownership, profits, losses and assets, as well as the right to participate in company decisions through voting at shareholders’ meetings.

Shares are commonly bought and sold in financial markets, such as stock exchanges, and the value of shares can fluctuate based on various factors such as the company’s performance, market conditions, and investor sentiment. Owning shares in a company can be a way to invest in the company’s potential for growth and earn returns through dividends or capital appreciation.

Shares can be issued in different classes, such as common shares and preferred shares, each with different rights and privileges. Common shares generally represent the ordinary ownership interest in a company, while preferred shares typically have special rights, such as priority in dividend payments or liquidation preferences.

There are several types of shares that can be issued by a company or unit, each with its own characteristics and rights. Some common types of shares are:

1. Common Shares: Also known as ordinary shares, these are the most basic type of shares that represent the ownership interest in a company. Common shareholders typically have voting rights and are entitled to a portion of the company’s profits through dividends, if declared by the company. Common shares generally carry higher risk compared to other types of shares, but also have the potential for higher returns through capital appreciation.
2. Preferred Shares: These shares typically have preferential rights and privileges compared to common shares. Preferred shareholders may have priority in dividend payments, meaning they are paid dividends before common shareholders. Preferred shares may also have preference in liquidation, which means they have priority in receiving assets if the company is liquidated. However, preferred shares may not have voting rights or may have limited voting rights.
3. Non-Voting Shares: These shares do not carry voting rights, or may have limited voting rights, which means the shareholders do not have the ability to vote on company matters. Non-voting shares may still entitle shareholders to dividends and other financial rights, but they do not have a say in company decisions.
4. Redeemable Shares: These shares can be redeemed or bought back by the company at a predetermined price or on a specific date. Redeemable shares provide flexibility to the company to repurchase the shares from shareholders, which can be beneficial in certain situations such as restructuring or capital management.
5. Founder’s Shares: These shares are typically issued to the founders or early investors of a company and may carry special rights or privileges, such as enhanced voting rights or priority in dividends. Founder’s shares are usually used as a way to incentivize founders or key stakeholders and align their interests with the company’s long-term goals.
6. Dual-Class Shares: These shares are issued by some companies with multiple classes of shares, where each class may have different voting rights. For example, one class of shares may have higher voting rights per share compared to another class. Dual-class shares can give certain shareholders, such as founders or insiders, more control over the company compared to other shareholders.

To list/trade these shares, there are a lot of share markets across the world as most of the countries having their own trading systems and platforms.

What is Share Market?

The share market, also known as the stock market or equity market, is a financial market where shares or ownership stakes in publicly listed companies are bought and sold. It is a platform for companies to raise capital by issuing shares to investors, and for investors to buy and sell those shares in order to potentially profit from changes in their value over time.

In the share market, shares are traded through stock exchanges, which are specialized financial institutions that facilitate the buying and selling of shares among investors. Shares represent ownership in a company and typically provide the shareholder with certain rights, such as the right to vote on certain company matters and the right to receive a portion of the company’s profits in the form of dividends.

Investing in the share market can be done by individual investors, institutional investors, and even governments. Investors may buy shares of individual companies or invest in diversified portfolios of shares through mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to spread their risk. Share markets can be volatile, with prices of shares fluctuating based on various factors such as company performance, market sentiment, economic conditions, and geopolitical events.

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